For years we have been eager to better monitor dynamics in arousal and brain noradrenaline in closed eye conditions such as sleep and anesthesia. In this study we introduce a novel technology towards this goal, which combines short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging with deep learning algorithms to perform touchless pupillometry and eye tracking behind closed […]
This paper focuses on Claustrum, attention and sleep. We observed a consistent and robust increase in the prevalence of NREM sleep in the hours following chemogenetic activation of ACCp claustrum neurons. Next, our contribution was not only the association between elevated ACCp claustrum activity and unresponsive NREM sleep, but also a significant decrease in sound-evoked […]
We examined which aspects of cortical processing are affected by sleep deprivation (SD), and whether they can already be identified in early sensory regions. We recorded spiking activity in rat auditory cortex along with polysomnography while presenting sounds during SD followed by recovery sleep. We found that certain aspects of auditory processing (frequency tuning, onset […]
We reconsider sleep/wake brain states as being highly dynamic and regionally complex, rather than stationary and global. We review recent evidence for spatiotemporal complexity and advances in understanding the systems that regulate vigilance state, such as neuromodulatory systems – which may be more heterogenous than originally assumed. A modular and dynamic perspective highlights novel avenues […]
We recorded single-unit spiking (713 clusters), microwire LFPs and iEEG from 13 patients implanted with depth electrodes while playing sounds (click-trains, words, music) during wakefulness and sleep, studying auditory responses (observed mainly in lateral temporal lobe). Amplitude of spike and gamma responses was similar in wake and NREM sleep, with modest or no attenuation in […]
Loss of consciousness happens abruptly, but does the neuronal activity in our brains also change suddenly? Here we gradually deepen anaesthesia in rats whilst playing aounds and recording how their neurons fire in the auditory cortex. We found a range of different changes with anaesthesia, but all of them changed gradually with increased anaesthesia, and […]
One of the most obvious affects of anaesthesia is that our patients are disconnected from their sensory environment: they don’t respond to questions, they don’t see the operation and they don’t feel the pain of surgery. However it is far from obvious where in the sensory hierarchy this disconnection occures. In this project we used […]
A reduced responsiveness to external stimuli is the main characteristic of sleep. In this study we show that the LC, a small nucleus in the brainstem and the main source of noradrenaline, plays a central role in our ability to disconnect from the environment during sleep. We recorded rats cerebral cortical activity (Electroencephalogram; EEG) in […]
We have recorded simultaneously the auditory responses of neurons in the auditory and perirhinal cortices. While the former, a low order sensory region, showed similar response magnitudes across vigilance states, the higher order area showed robust attenuations in both NREM and REM sleep. Furthermore, the latency of neurons has been found to predict the response […]
An identical sensory stimulus may or may not be incorporated into perceptual experience, depending on the behavioral and cognitive state of the organism. What determines whether a sensory stimulus will be perceived? Here we tested whether noradrenaline signaling may play a key role. We pharmacologically down- and upregulated noradrenaline signaling in healthy volunteers using clonidine […]
